Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen agent, is widely used as adjunctive therapy for women with breast cancer. It has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the following indications: Adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Reduction in breast cancer incidence in high-risk women.
Itching or burning sensations in the vagina. Low back or abdominal pain. Unexplained fatigue. Frequent or urgent urination. Some signs and symptoms seen with more advanced disease can include: Swelling of the legs. Problems urinating or having a bowel movement. Blood in the urine.
A Pap smear (or Pap test) is a simple procedure that looks for abnormal cell changes in the cervix. The cervix is the lowest part of the uterus, located at the top of your vagina. The Pap smear
Some women mistakenly believe that a Pap test can spot endometrial cancer. This is not the case. A Pap is designed to detect only cervical cancer or its precursors. So, even if your Pap comes back negative, if you have abnormal bleeding or postmenopausal bleeding, it's still important to pay a visit to your doctor to get it checked.
Postmenopausal bleeding is bleeding that occurs after menopause. Menopause is a stage in a woman’s life (around age 51) when reproductive hormones drop and her monthly menstrual periods stop. Vaginal bleeding that occurs more than a year after a woman’s last period isn’t normal. The bleeding can be light (spotting) or heavy.
Paps are “normal” despite bleeding and cervical cancer. A ROUTINE PAP SMEAR of a 27-year-old woman showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Over the next 3 years, the same gynecologist obtained annual Pap smears; pathologists and cytotechnologists interpreted these as being within normal limits.
In addition to heavy bleeding, there are other symptoms that may indicate a problem after a Pap smear. These include: Severe pain or cramping. Fever. Unusual discharge. Difficulty urinating. If you experience any of these symptoms after a Pap smear, you should contact your healthcare provider right away.
Main symptoms of cervical cancer. vaginal bleeding that's unusual for you – including bleeding during or after sex, between your periods or after the menopause, or having heavier periods than usual. pain in your lower back, between your hip bones (pelvis), or in your lower tummy. If you have another condition like fibroids or endometriosis
unexplained vaginal bleeding; infertility; abnormal results of a pelvic or abdominal exam; These scans can also help diagnose: benign growths, such as fibroids, cysts, and masses; pelvic
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is bleeding after pap smear normal